Answer:
Japan and France are examples of cultures characterized by high uncertainty AVOIDANCE.
Explanation:
Uncertainty avoidance refers to the degree to which a culture, group, or organization depends on established norms, rules, and guidelines to manage the unpredictability of the future (House et al, 2004, p. 30).
Countries with HIGH UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE traits often exhibit formal communication, resistance to change, a tendency to take measured risks, structured environments, and reliance on rules and expertise.
Japan and France have uncertainty avoidance scores of 92 and 86, respectively, indicating a strong inclination towards this trait.
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