Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Negative Reinforcement is the term coined by B. F. Skinner in his concept known as Operant Conditioning. This learning theory incorporates both rewards and punishments.
In Operant Conditioning, negative reinforcement is described as an action that aims to avoid negative results or unpleasant stimuli. Aversive stimuli refer to triggers that an individual generally wants to sidestep or escape from. Simply put, negative reinforcement can be understood as a behavior that, although unpleasant, is reduced to achieve a positive outcome.
In the given situation, negative reinforcement occurs because Mark is attempting to change the habit of waking up late to evade his mother's yelling, which he finds unpleasant. Therefore, Mark is working to eliminate this undesirable behavior to achieve a constructive result: his mother might stop scolding him.
Therefore, the correct choice is C.
The response that most effectively captures the main point of the excerpt is Although Miep Gies did not see herself as a hero; many others regarded her as such after the war.
This passage highlights aspects of Miep Gies' efforts to assist Jews in evading the Nazi regime and emphasizes her belief that her actions were not remarkable, reinforcing the notion that she did not view herself as a hero.
There is no additional information in this excerpt to justify selecting the other choices as the correct response.
When reading a poem aloud, the best method to emphasize the language and structure is through rhythmic intonation.
To effectively highlight these aspects of a poem, understanding the appropriate intonation during recitation is vital. Typically, poems establish a certain rhythm, with their words and structure indicating a preferred pacing. It's essential to articulate words clearly and project one's voice to achieve the proper intonation while delivering them. The pattern of rhythm determines where to pause and the intensity to apply while reading. Additionally, the reader's voice should convey the poem's rising and falling elements. The intonation helps express feelings and attitudes during the reading process, which is crucial when performing a poem aloud. Therefore, using rhythmic intonation is the most effective strategy for putting emphasis on both the wording and structure of a poem.
Muriel Rukeyser (1913-1980) was an American poet and activist known for addressing social justice, equality, and feminism in her work. Her poem, beginning with "I lived in the first century of world wars," utilizes careful word choice to reinforce her anti-war message:
"Slowly I would get to pen and paper,
Make my poems for others unseen and unborn.
In the day I would be reminded of those men and women,
Brave, setting up signals across vast distances,
Considering a nameless way of living, of almost unimagined values."
Through these lines, she expresses hope that her poetry would outlast her life, serving as guidance for future generations who might strive for peace and justice. She writes:
"We would try by any means
To reach the limits of ourselves, to reach beyond ourselves,
To let go the means, to wake."
This suggests passing responsibility to those who come after her, hoping they will become dedicated peacemakers.
Being involved in stressful situations can unveil both virtues and flaws within individuals.
