1.) In 1931, Japan's aggression in East Asia began with the invasion of Manchuria and subsequently escalated with a severe assault on China (particularly the southern region).
2.) In 1940, Japan's attack on French Indochina aimed to suffocate all imports into China, including American military supplies. This action led to the United States imposing an embargo on all oil exports to Japan. (This is likely tied to natural resources.)
3.) A surprise strike on Pearl Harbor was launched by Japan to completely eliminate any possibility of U.S. forces countering their seizure of the Philippine Islands.
Each city-state maintained its own separate governments.
I needed to search for the missing parts, and here's what I found.
The excerpt linked to this question is actually a speech by Marc Antony regarding Julius Caesar's demise. Consequently, the reason the speaker continuously emphasizes the term "honourable" throughout his address is to draw a favorable comparison between Brutus and Caesar. The answer is the first option.
