Explain what causes spring and neap tides, and identify the phases of the moon when these tides occur. Be sure to mention what h

Spring tides occur during the full or new moon phases when the moon's and the sun's gravitational forces act together on Earth, affecting both the crust and ocean waters, leading to higher tidal levels than usual. In contrast, neap tides arise when the moon and sun are positioned at right angles relative to each other.

Spring tides take place when the moon is either full or new, aligning Earth, the Sun, and the moon. The gravitational influences of the moon and the Sun on Earth's crust and water cause above-normal tide heights. Neap tides occur when the moon and Sun form right angles to one another, specifically during the lunation's first and third quarters. Under these conditions, their gravitational forces balance, resulting in lower high tides and higher low tides.