Integrative—Determining relevant cash flows Lombard Company is contemplating the purchase of a new high-speed widget grinder to
replace the existing grinder. The existing grinder was purchased 2 years ago at an installed cost of $60,000; it was being depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period. The existing grinder is expected to have a usable life of 5 more years. The new grinder costs $105,000 and requires $5,000 in installation costs; it has a 5-year usable life and would be depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period. Lombard can currently sell the existing grinder for $70,000 without incurring any removal or cleanup costs. To support the increased business resulting from purchase of the new grinder, accounts receivable would increase by $40,000, inventories by $30,000, and accounts payable by $58,000. At the end of 5 years, the existing grinder is expected to have a market value of zero; the new grinder would be sold to net $29,000 after removal and cleanup costs and before taxes. The firm pays taxes at a rate of 40% on both ordinary income and capital gains. The estimated profits before depreciation and taxes over the 5 years for both the new and the existing grinder are shown in the following table. (Table 3.2 on page 100 contains the applicable MACRS depreciation percentages.) TABLE 3.2
Rounded Depreciation Percentages by Recovery Year Using MACRS for First Four Property Classes
Percentage by recovery yeara
Recovery year
3 years
5 years
7 years
10 years
1 33%
20%
14%
10%
2 45
32
25
18
3 15
19
18
14
4
7
12
12
12
5
12
9
9
6
5
9
8
7
9
7
8
4
6
9
6
10
6
11
___
___
___
4
Totals
100%
100%
100%
100%
Profits before
depreciation and taxes
Year
New grinder
Existing grinder
1. $43,000
$26,000
2. 43,000
24,000
3. 43,000
22,000
4. 43,000
20,000
5. 43,000
18,000
a. Calculate the initial investment associated with the replacement of the existing grinder by the new one.
b. Determine the incremental operating cash inflows associated with the proposed grinder replacement. (Note: Be sure to consider the depreciation in year 6.)
c. Determine the terminal cash flow expected at the end of year 5 from the proposed grinder replacement. d. Depict on a time line the relevant cash flows associated with the proposed grinder replacement decision.
a. Determine the initial investment tied to replacing the current grinder with the new one.
Initial investment = cost of the new grinder + installation costs of the new grinder - after-tax revenue from selling the old grinder + increase in net working capital.
Cost of the new grinder = $105,000.
Cost to install the new grinder = $5,000.
After-tax revenue from the old grinder = $70,000 - ($70,000 - {$60,000 x (1 - 52%)] x 40%} = $70,000 - $16,480 = $53,520.
Increase in net working capital = $40,000 + $30,000 - $58,000 = $12,000.
Thus, initial investment = $105,000 + $5,000 - $53,520 + $12,000 = $68,480.
b. Assess the incremental operating cash inflows related to the new grinder installation. (Remember to factor in depreciation in year 6.)
New grinder cash flows:
Year 1 = [($43,000 - $22,000) x (1 - 40%)] + $22,000 = $34,600.
Year 2 = [($43,000 - $35,200) x (1 - 40%)] + $35,200 = $39,880.
Year 3 = [($43,000 - $21,120) x (1 - 40%)] + $21,120 = $34,248.
Year 4 = [($43,000 - $12,672) x (1 - 40%)] + $12,672 = $30,868.80.
Year 5 = [($43,000 - $12,672) x (1 - 40%)] + $12,672 + $18,000 (NWC) + $19,934.40 (after-tax salvage value) = $68,803.20.
Old grinder cash flows:
Year 1 = [($26,000 - $11,520) x (1 - 40%)] + $11,520 = $20,208.
Year 2 = [($24,000 - $6,912) x (1 - 40%)] + $6,912 = $15,964.80.
Year 3 = [($22,000 - $6,912) x (1 - 40%)] + $6,912 = $15,964.80.
Year 4 = [($20,000 - $3,456) x (1 - 40%)] + $3,456 = $13,382.40.
Year 5 = $18,000 x (1 - 40%) = $10,800.
Incremental cash flows:
Year 1 = $34,600 - $20,208 = $14,392.
Year 2 = $39,880 - $15,964.80 = $23,915.20.
Year 3 = $34,248 - $15,964.80 = $18,283.20.
Year 4 = $30,868.80 - $13,382.40 = $17,486.40.
Year 5 = $68,803.20 - $10,800 = $58,003.20.
c. Determine the expected terminal cash flow at the end of year 5 from the grinder replacement.
Terminal cash flow = regaining net working capital + after-tax salvage value = $18,000 + $19,934.40 = $37,934.40.
d. Show a timeline displaying the relevant cash flows for the proposed grinder replacement decision.
Year 0 = -$68,480.
Year 1 = $34,600.
Year 2 = $39,880.
Year 3 = $34,248.
Year 4 = $30,868.80.
Year 5 = $68,803.20.
File sharing refers to the distribution of digital content to others. This content may include applications, multimedia files such as music and videos, or even eBooks. While some forms of file sharing may be restricted, it’s not universally banned. Users can share files among peers unless explicitly prohibited. Therefore, it's wise to avoid sharing files to prevent breaching copyright laws held by the file's owner.
The entrance fee is charged per person, while the purchase of souvenirs is applicable collectively
Explanation:
According to the details mentioned in the question, children pay a discounted rate for tickets, which indicates that the tickets are priced individually. Conversely, souvenirs have a uniform price for groups since they can be shared among members, unlike the individual tickets.
The answer is option "C": ambiguous or conflicting expectations from stakeholders.
Explanation:
To ensure a project is successful, it is essential to understand the expectations of the company owners. If not, the team tasked with executing the project won't have a clear direction, enhancing the risk of project failure.
