Each city-state maintained its own separate governments.
- fortifying the military
- strategizing
- controlling enemy movements
we must always anticipate the enemy's next move.
Answer:
Conflicts.
Explanation:
The presence of Christians and Muslims living closely together between 1200 and 1450 C.E. resulted in conflicts due to their differing beliefs and desires over territorial control. Numerous battles occurred as both sides vied for dominance, leading to significant military engagements. This ongoing strife ultimately enabled the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, which seized Christian territories.
Indeed, Columbus later manifested these values, as after his journey, a fascination with exploration swept across Europe to some degree, although he was ahead of most of his contemporaries in that respect.
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