How were the challenges of maintaining land-based empires, such as the Russian and Qing states, different from the challenges of

Answer:

They had similarities overall, yet their approaches to sustain them varied.

Explanation:

While the land-based Russian and Qing empires were extensive and affluent, the maritime European empires expanded rapidly, leading to modernized armies and conflicts with these empires. The Russian empire adapted timely as it observed its European competitors becoming stronger, in contrast to the Qing dynasty, which was slow to recognize the changes and acted when it was too late.