The best argument evaluating how at least two Asian or African states wielded power differently between roughly 1200 and 1450 is that African states were governed by their monarchs.
During this era, many African governments managed internal and external challenges to assert authority and establish administrative structures.
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The Mali Empire, founded by Sundiata Keita from approximately 1230 to 1255 CE, exemplifies this. Sundiata Keita established a centralized government that included tribal chiefs.
Between 1200 and 1450, African governing systems varied widely. Some societies lacked hierarchical states, while others operated as kingdoms. Many African political systems during this period followed communal principles.
Certain African societies were self-ruling, meaning they functioned autonomously.
Moreover, most African communities lacked formal states; kings and councils managed daily affairs collaboratively. Decisions required consultation between councils and chiefs, who were also subject to oversight.
In short, royal rulers predominantly governed African states from circa 1200 to 1450.
