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At the start of July 1905, Sun Yat Sen came back to Japan from his travels in Europe and the United States. Enthusiastically welcomed by Chinese scholars, he was seen as the frontrunner of the anti-Manchu revolution. Leveraging this popularity, he founded a political organization. In Tokyo, he created the Alliance Society (同盟會, tóngménghuì, formally known as the Society of the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance), which attracted several revolutionary groups. This group would soon evolve into the Kuomintang, the key Chinese nationalist party, formed in 1911. As the appointed president, Sun competed with constitutional monarchists in China for the support of youth interested in nationalism as well as for the financial backing from those in exile. A political newspaper called Min Bao (People's Daily) was also initiated during this period.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, (born in Thessaloniki, Ottoman Macedonia, May 19, 1881, and died in Istanbul, November 10, 1938), was a distinguished member of the Turkish military and a notable Turkish politician, recognized as the founder and the inaugural president of the Republic of Turkey. He earned distinction as a general leading a division during the Gallipoli battle. After the Ottoman Empire's downfall and the occupation of Constantinople by the Allies from 1918 to 1923, as well as the empire's dismemberment, Mustafa Kemal commanded the Turkish National Movement, which would eventually give rise to the Turkish War of Independence.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi led the Indian nationalist movement from 1919. He introduced new social protest tactics such as fasting and dismissed the use of armed conflict in favor of advocating nonviolence (ahimsa) as a method to oppose British authority. He extensively supported unwavering loyalty to conscience, reaching a point of endorsing civil disobedience as required, and he also campaigned for a return to traditional Hindu customs. His dialogues with León Tolstoy influenced his views on nonviolent protest significantly. Gandhi also motivated the Salt March, a countrywide action protesting the imposed salt taxes.
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