Response:
Affirmative action seeks to address the effects of social discrimination against minorities (such as African Americans, Hispanics, and LGBT individuals) by granting them advantages compared to the majority population. A notable example of this is the implementation of racial quotas at certain institutions like universities and federal offices.
In my view, while this approach functions as a quick fix for discrimination where it is implemented, I do not think it is a sustainable long-term solution. I believe that the roots of discrimination lie in inadequate education and lack of social awareness, which can only be resolved through improved understanding of equality—one of our nation's core principles.
To sum up, even though these measures may initially contribute to decreasing discrimination, there must be broader structural changes to effectively tackle this issue.
Answer:
Frederick Law Olmsted
Explanation:
The quote, "Probably the advantages of civilizations can be found illustrated and demonstrated under no other circumstances than so completely as in some suburban neighborhoods...", is attributed to Frederick Law Olmsted, an influential American architect born in 1822, recognized as the pioneer of landscape architecture in America, who achieved many notable accomplishments during his lifetime.
Hope this helps.
The response to this open-ended question is as follows.
Unfortunately, the options for the question were not included. However, we can conclude the following.
The passage's line that most supports the idea that the author was influenced by Amaterasu is "So when she retreated with her laptop to her room and refused to leave, it created a wave of discontent at the school."
This refers to Amaterasu, the Japanese goddess of the Sun and heaven. According to mythology, there was a time when Amaterasu had a conflict with her brother, which made her so upset that she chose to hide in a mountain cave, plunging the world into darkness, causing chaos and turmoil. She remained hidden for a significant duration. The conflict arose because her brother Susanoo had damaged many rice fields, which angered her.
Therefore, when Lara withdrew with her laptop to her room and isolated herself, it similarly created discontent at school, akin to the referenced story of Amaterasu.
Hobbes and Locke, both English philosophers, recognized the concept of a "social contract" — that governmental authority stems from the people's consent. However, their perspectives on why individuals seek governance greatly diverged.
Thomas Hobbes articulated his political philosophy in Leviathan in 1651, a period marked by the turmoil of the English Civil War. He perceived humans as inherently distrustful, engaged in competition, and capable of malign behavior towards one another. Establishing a government, in his view, required sacrificing personal freedoms in exchange for protection against what would otherwise devolve into a state of constant conflict among individuals.
Conversely, John Locke released his Two Treatises on Civil Government in 1690, in the aftermath of the relatively peaceful power transition known as the Glorious Revolution in England. Locke posited that individuals are born as tabula rasa—without any prior knowledge or moral inclinations. As they experience life, they acquire knowledge about the optimal existence and thus choose to form governments to enhance societal conditions.
In my classroom discussions, I often explain their differing philosophies through an analogy to playground basketball. Hobbes argues that a referee is essential to prevent the players from descending into fierce arguments and violence, given the competitive nature of individuals. On the other hand, Locke believes that while a referee can improve the game by ensuring fair conflict resolution, it is possible to enjoy a match without one. It's important to note that both philosophers never referenced basketball, a sport invented in 1891 by James Naismith, but this analogy helps illustrate their contrasting ideas.
Effectiveness of Gambling: It inspires hope that a person might win through their actions, with some individuals securing massive monetary rewards even though they are the minority, potentially enabling a transition from poverty to wealth.
Ineffectiveness: Many develop unrealistic expectations, leading to gambling addictions; rather than gaining wealth, individuals often waste money consistently.
Effectiveness of Informal Trading: Provides greater freedom to negotiate prices since sellers are not bound by strict rules, requires no extensive employee management, and offers flexibility to relocate since businesses rarely operate in government premises.
Ineffectiveness: Prices can fluctuate arbitrarily, and informal traders might more easily engage in dishonest practices to benefit their business.
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