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olga nikolaevna
1 month ago
6

Amoeba Sisters Video Recap: Enzymes

Biology
2 answers:
s2008m [2.3K]1 month ago
7 0

Answer:

¿De qué tipo de biomolécula son generalmente las enzimas?

Las enzimas son biomoléculas de tipo proteínas.

Las enzimas se unen a sustratos específicos y actúan como catalizadores, acelerando las reacciones químicas, como la descomposición de la lactosa en unidades más pequeñas de glucosa, proceso que realiza la lactasa.

Para que las reacciones ocurran, a veces es necesario contar con cofactores (iones metálicos como hierro, zinc) y coenzimas (moléculas orgánicas como vitaminas).

¿Cómo afectan las enzimas a los sustratos?

Una vez formado el complejo enzima-sustrato mediante el mecanismo de ajuste inducido, se producen los productos enzimáticos. El sustrato puede consumirse en la reacción o conservarse para ser reutilizado.

Por ejemplo, estos productos pueden participar en inhibición por retroalimentación para regular reacciones químicas o la producción hormonal.

vlada-n [2.5K]1 month ago
3 0

1. Las enzimas son biomoléculas que tienen estructura proteica y actúan como catalizadores, acelerando reacciones químicas sin consumirse ellas mismas. En química, el sustrato es la molécula que experimenta la reacción química y se convierte en producto.

2. Las enzimas pertenecen al grupo de biomoléculas proteicas.

3. El sustrato inicial es transformado más rápido gracias a la acción enzimática en un producto diferente.

Explicación adicional

Una enzima es una proteína con actividad catalítica que facilita y acelera procesos metabólicos en organismos vivos mediante la reducción de la energía de activación necesaria para iniciar una reacción metabólica.

Esta reducción de la energía requerida se traduce en una disminución del “coste” energético, haciendo que las reacciones se desarrollen más rápido.

La energía de activación puede compararse con un obstáculo o “costo vial” en un proceso productivo; mientras menor es, más rápida es la reacción.

El mecanismo de acción de las enzimas consiste en interaccionar con el sustrato y transformarlo en producto, luego la enzima se libera para actuar de nuevo.

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