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Mariana
15 days ago
10

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this mo

st probably mean? Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean? A. Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic. B. Proton pumps are an essential feature of all cell membranes. C. Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on Earth. D. Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life.
Biology
1 answer:
-BARSIC- [1.9K]15 days ago
6 0

Response:

The accurate responses are A and D

To clarify:

Russell's theory involves the natural gradients of protons, asserting that four billion years ago, alkaline solutions emerged, leading to slightly acidic oceans (with CO2 levels being approximately a thousand times higher, reacting with H2O to form carbonic acid which results in mildly acidic seas). Acidity signifies proton concentration levels, higher in oceans compared to vent fluids. This variation has resulted in a natural proton gradient across the vent membranes that favored an outside positive polarity, which resembles the electrochemical potential in contemporary cells. This potentially explains why the last universal common ancestors across the three biological domains developed proton pumps.

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