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Otrada
2 months ago
14

The flu vaccine (administered as a shot or a nasal spray) is made of a combination of the different types of influenza viruses t

hat research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season. For each type of influenza, there are numerous specific viruses that can be selected for use in the vaccine. The vaccine works by introducing small amounts of these influenza viruses to the body. Their presence stimulates the immune system to create antibodies against these specific viruses that help protect the individual from becoming infected with them. Each year, the specific viruses used in the vaccine will vary. Based on what you know of evolution, why might this be the case
Biology
1 answer:
lana [2.4K]2 months ago
5 0

Answer:

This occurs due to the fact that viruses constantly change and adapt to their surroundings. Consequently, various strains emerge and are identified on a regular basis, necessitating updates to vaccines to ensure that immunity remains current and responds appropriately to viral changes without causing illness.

Explanation:

Viruses are acellular entities lacking their own metabolic processes or means of reproduction; they must infiltrate and commandeer the human body in order to integrate their DNA or RNA with human cells, using the host's cellular machinery for replication.

Moreover, as infections progress and new viruses develop, they can interact with bacteria to form bacteriophages, undergo mutations within a host infected by multiple viruses, and may even adopt mechanisms characteristic of retroviruses, evolving on a daily basis. These emergent viruses are referred to as new strains, which will require updates in vaccination strategies.

Vaccines function as a form of natural ACTIVE immunity; they introduce a portion of the virus into the body to trigger the generation of specific antibodies.

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Una solución de 0.204 M de NaOH seutiliza para neutralizar 50 mL de una solución de H3PO4. Si se necesitaron 16.4 mL de la soluc
Rainbow [2354]

Answer: 0.05 M

Explanation:

To solve this question, one must consider the Law of Conservation of Mass. This law states that in a closed system, the total mass of the participating molecules remains unchanged during a chemical reaction. This implies that the mass in the reactants equates to the mass of the products formed.

In this case, a solution of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) with a molarity of 0.204 (defined as moles per liter of solution) is used, and 16.4 mL of this solution is added to 50 mL of H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) solution.

Since the mass of both solutions is conserved, we can apply the Law of Conservation of Mass equation:

Initial Concentration x Initial Volume = Final Concentration x Final Volume.

Initial Concentration: 0.204 M

Initial Volume: 16.4 mL

Final Concentration:?

Final Volume: 50 mL + 16.4 mL = 66.4 mL

Plugging in the values to the equation:

0.204 M x 16.4 mL = Final Concentration x 66.4 mL

The molarity of the H3PO4 solution calculates to be 0.05 M.

7 0
1 month ago
A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occu
garik1379 [2080]

Answer:

AUGUCCCACGAUGGGUGA

Methionine- Serine- Histidine- Aspartate- Glycine- Stop

Explanation:

During the process of gene expression, DNA, which contains genetic information, is transcribed into mRNA, and this mRNA is then translated into a sequence of amino acids. This transcription abides by the rules of complementary base pairing, translating as A-U, G-C, and T-A.

In mRNA, nucleotide sequences are organized into sets of three bases known as CODONS. Each of these codons corresponds to a specific amino acid.

In this scenario, a piece of DNA encodes methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine after translation. However, a mutation leads to the sequencing shown: 3' – TACAGGGTGCTACCCACT – 5'.

The mutated DNA's corresponding mRNA sequence would be: AUGUCCCACGAUGGGUGA

Throughout translation, these codons yield the following amino acids:

AUG - methionine

UCC - Serine

CAC - Histidine

GAU - Aspartate

GGG - Glycine

UGA - Stop codon

Therefore, the resultant peptide chain from the revised DNA sequence will be: Methionine- Serine- Histidine- Aspartate- Glycine- Stop

3 0
2 months ago
All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytosol, while others are bound to the
Tresset [2298]

Answer:

2. ER protein

4. insulin

6. lysosomal enzyme

Explanation:

Ribosomes serve as the cellular organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins since they create the necessary environment and machinery for this process.

Ribosomes can exist freely within the cytosol or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

The proteins formed by free ribosomes are typically used within that same cell, such as DNA polymerase and ribosomal proteins, whereas proteins made by attached ribosomes are intended for transport throughout the cell, including insulin and lysosomal proteins.

Consequently, 2, 4, and 6 are correct.

3 0
3 months ago
Match each scenario with the correct component of natural selection
enyata [2506]

Answer and Explanation:

Typically, sea turtles lay around 110 eggs per clutch. However, only a small fraction of the hatchlings survive to reach the ocean. Subsequently, an even fewer number are able to produce their own young. - Overpopulation

All zebras possess stripes, yet no two zebras exhibit identical stripe patterns. -Variation

A lemur species named aye-ayes feature extended, slender middle fingers that enable them to probe into tree crevices to extract insects for food.- Adaptation

6 0
2 months ago
In an animal cell, which two cell structures do newly-synthesised enzymes have to pass through to reach the external environment
enyata [2506]

Answer:

Ribosomes, Cell membrane

Explanation:

Ribosomes serve as the sites where proteins are synthesized. Therefore, they are referred to as the protein production factories of a cell. Since enzymes are a type of protein, their synthesis occurs within ribosomes.

The cell membrane functions as the boundary that surrounds the cell or separates it from its environment.

To exit the cell and enter the external environment, an enzyme must navigate through both the ribosomes and the cell membrane.

4 0
2 months ago
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