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Allisa
2 months ago
14

The spontaneous action potential established in cardiac contractile cells is highly dependent on which of the following? A. The

sodium ion, Na+ B. The potassium ion, K+ C. The calcium ion, Ca2+ D. Various voltage-gated ion channels E. All of the above
Biology
1 answer:
Rainbow [2.3K]2 months ago
4 0

Answer:

E. All of the above

Explanation:

During the process in cardiac contractile cells, an initial rapid depolarization occurs, followed by a plateau phase and then repolarization.

When an action potential triggers the cell, voltage-gated channels open swiftly, initiating the depolarization positive-feedback loop. This action elevates the membrane potential to around +30 mV, which subsequently causes the sodium channels to close. Following this is the plateau phase, characterized by a gradual decline in membrane potential due to the activation of slow Ca2+ channels that permit Ca2+ influx, along with limited K+ channels being open, resulting in K+ efflux. Once the membrane potential approaches zero, the Ca2+ channels close, and K+ channels open, facilitating K+ exiting the cell. Repolarization then continues for some time, during which the membrane potential falls back to resting levels, completing the cycle.

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