Response: Susan likely has Diabetes Mellitus
Rationale:
Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine/metabolic disorder marked by a significant lack, absence, or resistance of insulin, resulting from the destruction of pancreatic cells (beta cells).
The main indicator of Diabetes Mellitus is hyperglycemia, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, leading to a disturbance in carbohydrate and fat utilization in the body.
This condition increases the renal threshold for glucose, causing it to remain in the filtrate, raising osmotic pressure, decreasing water reabsorption, and increasing urine volume.
Due to the body's cells being relatively insensitive to insulin, they are starved of glucose since insulin is necessary for glucose uptake from the bloodstream, resulting in muscle loss, tissue degradation, and elevated blood glucose levels.
Without insulin to facilitate normal glucose processing, the body resorts to alternative energy sources and increases fat breakdown, leading to the formation of ketone bodies that the liver can utilize for energy.
When ketones build up in the bloodstream, they are expelled through urine (Ketonuria).
