Explanation:
The initial time is t₁ = 2:30 pm
The final time is t₂ = 2:30:45
We must analyze the students' motion concerning time. The final time exceeds the initial time by 45 seconds.
Change in time,

Therefore, this is the solution we need.
0.833 N. To determine this, we first calculate the vertical distance from the highest position of the pendulum to the lowest point. This involves finding the height difference, which in this case is given by y = 1.2 - 1 = 0.2 m. As the pendulum moves downward, its potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy, following the conservation of energy principle.
The electron will cover a distance of 0.189 m before reaching a velocity of 0.