Let
t--------> the time measured in hours
d-------> the distance in miles
we understand that

this represents a linear equation corresponding to the situation
where time t is the independent variable and distance d is the dependent variable
The distance in function notation can be expressed as

Using a graphical tool
refer to the attached image
The function's domain extends over the interval----------> [0,∞)

The range of this function is defined by the interval-------> [0,∞)

Statements
a) The independent variable, the input, is the variable d, which signifies distance
This statement is incorrect
Because the independent variable is actually t
b) The distance covered is contingent on the duration of time Marlene spends riding her bike
This statement is correct
Because the equation for distance in function notation is equal to

c) The initial speed relevant to the scenario is 16 miles per hour
This statement is incorrect
Because
indicates the slope or rate of the linear equation
d) The equation t = d + 16 relates to the scenario
This statement is incorrect
Because the situation is represented by the function 
e) The function f(t) = 16t relates to the scenario
This statement is correct