Answer:
C. They are carried by motor proteins using the cytoskeleton as a "roadway"
Explanation:
Vesicles hitch a ride on molecular motors such as kinesin or myosin, moving along the cytoskeleton until they reach their intended location, where they then fuse with the target membrane or organelle. Typically, vesicles progress from the ER to the cis Golgi, followed by movement from the cis to the medial Golgi, from the medial to the trans Golgi, and finally from the trans Golgi to the plasma membrane or other cellular compartments. While the predominant direction is forward, there are also vesicles that return from the Golgi to the ER, carrying proteins that should have remained in the ER (e.g., PDI) that were inadvertently enclosed in a vesicle.
The proper response is "yes, yes, no" or "B, B, A".
Clarification:
In this hypothetical situation, an inhibitor obstructs the function of motor proteins in the kinetochore while still allowing the kinetochore to stay attached to the spindle. The animal cells treated with this inhibitor can elongate during mitosis, leading to the separation of sister chromatids, but the chromosomes will remain still instead of moving to the poles of the cell. The only action the inhibitor affects is the motor protein function, which is responsible for the movement of chromosomes to the poles during cell mitosis.
Answer:
Our cells do not face fatal poisoning since it gets broken down by our organs.
Explanation:
- Toxins refer to any chemical substances that hinder the proper functioning of the human body.
- More specifically, the human body does not generate toxins. Rather, it simply excretes waste products that can be easily eliminated by the body via metabolic processes.
- Organs like the liver and kidneys play a crucial role in combating harmful waste substances and toxins by expelling them from our system.
The appropriate answer is - C. genus and species. The scientific nomenclature of an animal reflects its genus and species. The first part denotes the genus, which in this instance is Canus, while the second part indicates its species, here being nipponicus. All living beings are categorized systematically: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. For instance, if we consider the wolf as an example, its classification is as follows: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae, Genus: Canis, Species: C. Lupus.
Answer:
The pathway likely taken is ER - Golgi - vesicles that merge with the plasma membrane.
Explanation:
The endomembrane system comprises a complex network of internal membranes. It was first identified in the late 19th century when Camillo Golgi observed that a specific stain selectively colored certain cellular membranes. Golgi believed these membranes were interconnected; however, subsequent developments in microscopy and biochemical analysis revealed that the organelles within the endomembrane system function as distinct compartments with specialized roles.
