George Orwell's Animal Farm is an allegorical representation of the Russian Revolution.
For example, all characters symbolize specific individuals, ideas, or movements. Mr. Jones, for instance, stands for Czar Nicholas II, sharing his traits of irresponsibility and cruelty, unfit to fulfill his role.
Similarly, Old Major resembles Karl Marx, the founder of communism, who teaches the ideology of "animalism." Snowball represents Leon Trotsky, a leader during the October Revolution who is portrayed as intelligent and idealistic, mirroring Trotsky's attributes.
Finally, Napoleon is analogous to Joseph Stalin, characterized by corruption, selfishness, and a thirst for power.
The narrative parallels the Russian Revolution’s progression: an uprising removes the Czar and ushers in Lenin's oppressive regime, just as the story depicts a revolution followed by a harsh new government.