A spaceship moves at a speed of 0.95 c away from the Earth. It shoots a star wars torpedo toward the Earthat a speed of 0.90 c r

Answer:

Consequently, the temperature difference across the material will be

Explanation:

In this case, we apply the Fourier Law of heat conduction expressed by the following equation:

  (1)

Where k = thermal conductivity = 0.2 W/ mK

A= 1m^2 denotes the cross-sectional area

Q= 3KW signifies the heat transfer rate

is the temperature difference we need to determine

represents the thickness of the material

Initially, we convert 3KW to W, resulting in:

With all variables accounted for, we can substitute and calculate:

Thus, the temperature difference across the material will be

Response:

Clarification:

Refer to the diagram indicating the charges on the specified sphere (see attachment).

The electric field at the stated positions is

E(r) = 0 for r≤a.  Equation 1

E(r) = kq/r² for a<r<b.   Equation 2

E(r) = 0 for b<r<c.      Equation 3

E(r) = kq/r² for r>c.    Equation 4.

We understand that electric potential correlates with the electric field through

V = Ed

A. To compute the potential at the outer surface of the hollow sphere (r=c), we determine that the electric field there is

E = kQ / r²

Then,

V = Ed,

At d = r = c

Thus,

Vc = (kQ / c²) × c

Vc = kQ / c

As a result, the total charge Q consists of +q, -q, and +q

Hence, Q = q - q + q = q

V = kq / c

B. To calculate the potential at the inner surface of the hollow sphere (r=b), we have

V = kQ/r

V = kQ / b,   noting that r = b

So, Q = q

V = kq / b

C. At r = a

Following from equation 1:

E(r) = 0 for r≤a.  Equation 1

The electric field at the surface of the solid sphere is 0, E = 0N/C

Thus,

V = Ed = 0 V

Consequently, the electric potential at the solid sphere's surface is 0.

D. At r = 0

The electric potential can be determined by

V = kq / r

As r approaches 0,

V = kq / 0

V approaches infinity.