Answer:
Frederick Law Olmsted
Explanation:
The quote, "Probably the advantages of civilizations can be found illustrated and demonstrated under no other circumstances than so completely as in some suburban neighborhoods...", is attributed to Frederick Law Olmsted, an influential American architect born in 1822, recognized as the pioneer of landscape architecture in America, who achieved many notable accomplishments during his lifetime.
Hope this helps.
Response:
2. & 3.
Clarification:
That’s my assumption; this question is somewhat subjective and depends on your curriculum, hopefully someone who has taken the course can provide a more informed response.
The first policy is the Office of Science and Technology Policy established in 2006, aimed at enhancing investments in research, providing better access to education in scientific and technological fields, and promoting improved infrastructure for managing innovation. Next is the America COMPETES Act, which increases research and development efforts within agencies focused on physical sciences, along with broadening opportunities in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Lastly, the Technology Administration Act is also noteworthy.
Hobbes and Locke, both English philosophers, recognized the concept of a "social contract" — that governmental authority stems from the people's consent. However, their perspectives on why individuals seek governance greatly diverged.
Thomas Hobbes articulated his political philosophy in Leviathan in 1651, a period marked by the turmoil of the English Civil War. He perceived humans as inherently distrustful, engaged in competition, and capable of malign behavior towards one another. Establishing a government, in his view, required sacrificing personal freedoms in exchange for protection against what would otherwise devolve into a state of constant conflict among individuals.
Conversely, John Locke released his Two Treatises on Civil Government in 1690, in the aftermath of the relatively peaceful power transition known as the Glorious Revolution in England. Locke posited that individuals are born as tabula rasa—without any prior knowledge or moral inclinations. As they experience life, they acquire knowledge about the optimal existence and thus choose to form governments to enhance societal conditions.
In my classroom discussions, I often explain their differing philosophies through an analogy to playground basketball. Hobbes argues that a referee is essential to prevent the players from descending into fierce arguments and violence, given the competitive nature of individuals. On the other hand, Locke believes that while a referee can improve the game by ensuring fair conflict resolution, it is possible to enjoy a match without one. It's important to note that both philosophers never referenced basketball, a sport invented in 1891 by James Naismith, but this analogy helps illustrate their contrasting ideas.
