Response:
The answer is option-D.
Rationale:
Darwin is renowned for his evolution theory, which he developed after gathering various plant and animal specimens during his travels.
He noticed both the similarities and differences in the morphological traits of species found in the regions he explored. From his observations, he posited that traits are inherited from parents and that species evolve over time, a process known as descent with modification.
One significant piece of evidence supporting his theory was his observation of plant species in South America, which were more similar to those found in tropical regions of South America than to the temperate species in Europe, given the similar habitats.
Therefore, option-D is indeed the right choice.
This is due to the newly formed land from volcanic activity. Surtsey is an exemplary site for observing primary succession because the volcanic eruption wiped out existing vegetation and fauna, leaving a barren landscape. Primary succession occurs only when new land is colonized for the first time following a natural disaster such as a volcanic eruption; thus, Surtsey provided an ideal setting for studying this process.
