Answer:
a) YTM = 9.8%
b) realized compound yield = 9.9%
Explanation:
a) PMT is 80
par value FV = 1000
coupon rate = 8%
current price PV = 953.1
years to maturity n = 3
Yield to maturity (YTM) is calculated as 
= 
= 9.8%
b) r2 = 10% = 100%+10% = 1.1
r3 = 12% = 100%+12% = 1.12
To find the realized compound yield, we first need the future value (FV) of the principal and reinvested coupons.
FV = ($80 * 1.10 * 1.12) + ($80 * 1.12) + $1080 = $1268.16
Let a be the rate at which the future value equals $1268.16.
953.1(1+y)³ = $1268.16
(1+y)³ = 1.33
1+y = 1.099
y = 0.099 = 9.9%
Answer:C) All of these statements are valid.
Explanation:
Sensitivity analysis examines how the optimal decision and EMV fluctuate when one or more inputs change.
Sensitivity analysis evaluates how various values of an independent variable influence a specific dependent variable under certain assumptions.
It is applied within particular constraints that rely on one or more input variables.
A contingency plan constitutes a strategy within a multistage decision scenario that designates which decision to implement for every potential outcome.
A contingency plan is a category of action tailored to assist governance in effectively responding to significant future events or situations that may or may not arise.
A multistage decision problem refers to a situation where decisions and observations of uncertain outcomes interchange.
Answer:
This indicates a narrower competitive focus.
Explanation:
In a narrow competitive focus, a company might adopt a strategy centered around either cost leadership or differentiation. By employing a focus strategy, the business opts to produce goods or offer services aimed specifically at a particular customer segment. In a cost leadership approach, the firm could engage in activities that highlight its ability to provide the lowest price for its targeted audience. Conversely, in a differentiation approach, the firm finds its competitive edge in providing a broad array of products.
