Two firms compete in selling​ file-encryption software. Because both firms use the same encryption​ standard, files encrypted by

one​ firm's software can be read by the​ other's, which is an advantage for consumers. ​ Nonetheless, Firm 1 has a much larger market share because it entered the market earlier and its software has a better user interface. Both firms are now considering an investment in a new encryption standard. The two firms can either invest or not invest in this new standard. Resulting profit is given by the payoff matrix to the right.