A thin electrical heating element provides a uniform heat flux qo" to the outer surface of a duct through which air flows. The d

Answer:

Consequently, the temperature difference across the material will be

Explanation:

In this case, we apply the Fourier Law of heat conduction expressed by the following equation:

  (1)

Where k = thermal conductivity = 0.2 W/ mK

A= 1m^2 denotes the cross-sectional area

Q= 3KW signifies the heat transfer rate

is the temperature difference we need to determine

represents the thickness of the material

Initially, we convert 3KW to W, resulting in:

With all variables accounted for, we can substitute and calculate:

Thus, the temperature difference across the material will be

Answer:

1.43 x 10¹⁷.

They will move away from each other.

Explanation:

The force acting on each charged sphere is determined as F = mass x acceleration

= 8.55 x 10⁻³ x 25 x 9.8

= 2.095 N

Assuming Q is the charge on each sphere

F =

Using the values, 2.095 =

We find that Q² =

Thus, Q = 2.289 X 10⁻⁶

The quantity of electrons = Charge / charge of a single electron

=

=1.43 x 10¹³.

They will accelerate away from each other.