Hopefully this clarifies things. The position remains unchanged over the span of 5 seconds, which indicates that it is at rest while time continues to pass. When the slope turns negative, it illustrates that the bear is moving backward, thus changing its direction.
Answer:
a) Ф = 0.016 N / C m, b) q_{int} = 0.14 10⁻¹² C
Explanation:
a) For this scenario, we rely on Gauss's law
Ф = E.ds =
/ε₀
As the field points in the x direction, there is no flux through the cylinder walls.
Ф = E A
The area of a circle is
A = π r
Ф = E π r
Ф = (x- 3.6) r
Now, let's compute
Ф = (3.7 -3.6) 0.16
Ф = 0.016 N / C m
b) Using Gauss's law, we have
q_{int} = Ф ε₀
Where the flow is present on both sides, at the face corresponding to x = 0, the flow is zero
q_{int} = 0.016 8.85 10⁻¹²
q_{int} = 0.14 10⁻¹² C