Answer:
C. Cost-volume-profit analysis
Explanation:
Cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP analysis) plays a crucial role in cost management, focusing on the relationship between an organization's financial performance, production volume, and sales of products or services. This analytical approach is also applicable for setting prices.
The assumptions underlying CVP analysis include:
1) Production levels match sales levels, being the sole factor influencing cost and revenue changes for the business. Inventory levels of finished goods remain unchanged.
2) Other factors (like product selling prices, prices of materials and services utilized in production, variable costs per output unit, and labor efficiency) are constant within an acceptable production volume range.
3) The focus of the analysis is limited to a single product or a stable range of products. The sales mix in a multi-product company is steady.
4) Both total costs and revenue exhibit linear characteristics relative to production levels.
The analysis is performed within a reasonable production volume range.
5) All expenses are categorized as either fixed or variable costs.
6) The evaluation is intended for the short term.
7) Fixed costs remain unchanged as production volume varies within an acceptable range, with no structural adjustments occurring.
In summary, we can highlight that this method is the Cost Volume Profit analysis, which evaluates how changes in volume impact profits by examining the varying degrees of costs.
Answer:
Total expenditure= $3,870
Explanation:
Based on the provided data:
predetermined overhead rate= $5.50
For Job A477:
Total direct labor hours: 100
Direct materials cost: $520
Direct labor expenses: $2,800
Now we calculate the overhead allocation:
Allocated manufacturing overhead= Estimated overhead rate * Actual base amount
Allocated manufacturing overhead= 5.50*100= $550
Then, we can compute the total job cost:
Total expense= 520 + 2,800 + 550= $3,870
a. Determine the initial investment tied to replacing the current grinder with the new one.
Initial investment = cost of the new grinder + installation costs of the new grinder - after-tax revenue from selling the old grinder + increase in net working capital.
Cost of the new grinder = $105,000.
Cost to install the new grinder = $5,000.
After-tax revenue from the old grinder = $70,000 - ($70,000 - {$60,000 x (1 - 52%)] x 40%} = $70,000 - $16,480 = $53,520.
Increase in net working capital = $40,000 + $30,000 - $58,000 = $12,000.
Thus, initial investment = $105,000 + $5,000 - $53,520 + $12,000 = $68,480.
b. Assess the incremental operating cash inflows related to the new grinder installation. (Remember to factor in depreciation in year 6.)
New grinder cash flows:
Year 1 = [($43,000 - $22,000) x (1 - 40%)] + $22,000 = $34,600.
Year 2 = [($43,000 - $35,200) x (1 - 40%)] + $35,200 = $39,880.
Year 3 = [($43,000 - $21,120) x (1 - 40%)] + $21,120 = $34,248.
Year 4 = [($43,000 - $12,672) x (1 - 40%)] + $12,672 = $30,868.80.
Year 5 = [($43,000 - $12,672) x (1 - 40%)] + $12,672 + $18,000 (NWC) + $19,934.40 (after-tax salvage value) = $68,803.20.
Old grinder cash flows:
Year 1 = [($26,000 - $11,520) x (1 - 40%)] + $11,520 = $20,208.
Year 2 = [($24,000 - $6,912) x (1 - 40%)] + $6,912 = $15,964.80.
Year 3 = [($22,000 - $6,912) x (1 - 40%)] + $6,912 = $15,964.80.
Year 4 = [($20,000 - $3,456) x (1 - 40%)] + $3,456 = $13,382.40.
Year 5 = $18,000 x (1 - 40%) = $10,800.
Incremental cash flows:
Year 1 = $34,600 - $20,208 = $14,392.
Year 2 = $39,880 - $15,964.80 = $23,915.20.
Year 3 = $34,248 - $15,964.80 = $18,283.20.
Year 4 = $30,868.80 - $13,382.40 = $17,486.40.
Year 5 = $68,803.20 - $10,800 = $58,003.20.
c. Determine the expected terminal cash flow at the end of year 5 from the grinder replacement.
Terminal cash flow = regaining net working capital + after-tax salvage value = $18,000 + $19,934.40 = $37,934.40.
d. Show a timeline displaying the relevant cash flows for the proposed grinder replacement decision.
Year 0 = -$68,480.
Year 1 = $34,600.
Year 2 = $39,880.
Year 3 = $34,248.
Year 4 = $30,868.80.
Year 5 = $68,803.20.
