Response:
(a) 
(b) 
Clarification:
Greetings.
(a) In this case, since the starting volume is 18.5 dm³ and the ending volume is 21 dm³ (18.5 +2.5), we can calculate the work at constant pressure as shown below:

This value is negative as it expands against the given pressure.
(b) Furthermore, if the process is conducted reversibly, the pressure might change, hence, we need to calculate the work using:

The moles are calculated based on the provided mass of argon:

Consequently, the work amounts to:

Best regards.
Answer:
155.38424 K
2.2721 kg/m³
Explanation:
= Reservoir pressure = 10 atm
= Reservoir temperature = 300 K
= Exit pressure = 1 atm
= Exit temperature
= Specific gas constant = 287 J/kgK
= Specific heat ratio = 1.4 for air
Assuming isentropic flow

Flow temperature at exit is 155.38424 K
Density at exit can be derived using the ideal gas equation

Flow density at exit measures 2.2721 kg/m³
Answer:
The molar mass of the metal in grams per mole is calculated to be 8.87.
Explanation:
Initially, we can consider a sample of the compound weighing 100 g. This results in:
- 52.92% metal: 52.92 g M
- 47.80% oxygen: 47.80 g O
By utilizing the molar mass of oxygen, which is 16 g / mol, we can determine the quantity of moles of oxygen in the sample via the rule of three:

moles of oxygen=2.9875
The formula for the metal oxide indicates that:
2 M⁺³ + 3 O²⁻ ⇒ M₂O₃
From the previous equation, it is evident that 3 oxygen ions are necessary to react with 2 metal ions. Hence:

Given 52.92 g of metal in the sample, the molar mass of the metal is:

molar mass≅ 8.87 g/mol
The molar mass of the metal in grams per mole is 8.87.
The value that most closely corresponds to this is Beryllium (Be), which has an atomic mass of 9.0122 g / mol.
Answer: damping coefficient = 1.5×10^5Ns/m
Explanation:
Refer to the attached file for the solution
Answer:

Explanation:
Transformation of Energy
Also known as energy conversion, this refers to the process in which energy shifts from one type to another. In this context, three energy forms are involved. When the object is stationary at the ramp's peak, it possesses gravitational potential energy, calculated as

As the object descends the frictionless ramp, it converts all its potential energy into kinetic energy, represented as

Thus,

Ultimately, when the object encounters a rough surface, all energy converts to thermal energy. The work performed by the friction force corresponds to the alteration in kinetic energy, as all velocity is lost in this process:

Given the kinetic energy equals the initial potential energy:

The negative sign indicates that the work acted against the direction of movement, meaning the force and displacement are 180° apart.
This outcome is independent of the distance D needed to halt the block or the kinetic friction coefficient.