Setting both partial derivatives to zero results in a single critical point at

, located within the unit disk.
At this given point, the derivative value of the Hessian matrix is

and the second-order partial derivative with respect to

yields

This suggests that the critical point represents a local minimum, marking it as the coldest area on the plate with a temperature of

.
To find the hottest area on the plate, it must be located along the boundary. Let

and

, so that


Thus, the plate's boundary (the circle

) is treated as a single variable function

examined over

. A single differentiation gives


You will discover that

achieves three extrema on the interval

, with relative maxima occurring at

and

, and a relative minimum at

(and

, if you wish to include that).
Our minimum has already been identified inside the plate - which you can check to have a lower temperature than at the points noted by

- and we identify two maxima at

and

, both showing a maximum temperature of

.
Reverting to Cartesian coordinates, these points match up with

.
Let Jacob, Carol, Geraldo, Meg, Earvin, Dora, Adam, and Sally be denoted as J, C, G, M, E, D, A, and S respectively. In part IV, we need to identify the pairs of potential clients that could potentially be selected. The sample space consists of all possible outcomes, therefore we create a set of all valid pairs, listed as follows: {(J, C), (J, G), (J, M), (J, E), (J, D), (J, A), (J, S), (C, G), (C, M), (C, E), (C, D), (C, A), (C, S), (G, M), (G, E), (G, D), (G, A), (G, S), (M, E), (M, D), (M, A), (M, S), (E, D), (E, A), (E, S), (D, A), (D, S), (A, S)}. We can verify the number of elements in the sample space, n(S) is 1+2+3+4+5+6+7=28. This gives us the answer to the first question: What is the count of pairs of potential clients that can be randomly selected from the pool of eight candidates? (Answer: 28.) II) What is the chance of a certain pair being chosen? The chance of picking a specific pair is 1/28, as there’s just one way to select a particular pair out of the 28 possible options. III) What is the probability that the selected pair consists of Jacob and Meg or Geraldo and Sally? The probability of selecting (J, M) or (G, S) is 2 out of 28, which equates to 1/14. Answers: I) 28 II) 1/28 ≈ 0.0357 III) 1/14 ≈ 0.0714 IV) {(J, C), (J, G), (J, M), (J, E), (J, D), (J, A), (J, S), (C, G), (C, M), (C, E), (C, D), (C, A), (C, S), (G, M), (G, E), (G, D), (G, A), (G, S), (M, E), (M, D), (M, A), (M, S), (E, D), (E, A), (E, S), (D, A), (D, S), (A, S).}