Consider the following data on U.S. GDP: Year Nominal GDP GDP Deflator (Billions of dollars) (Base year 2009) 2016 18,707 105.93

Answer:

a. -1.25

b. -1.25

Explanation:

Price elasticity measures how demand varies with price fluctuations.

The formula is:

= % change in Quantity / % change in Price

a. If the price moves from $1.00 to $1.50, the elasticity of demand will be:

% change in Quantity calculated using the midpoint method;

% Change in Price calculated with the midpoint formula

=-1.25

b. If the price decreases from $1.50 to $1.00, the elasticity of demand is:

% change in Quantity calculated using the midpoint formula;

% Change in Price calculated using the midpoint formula

= 0.5/-0.4

= -1.25

Answer:

Information technology architecture can be seen as a comprehensive outline of the various assets needed for information processing to attain business goals.

Explanation:

In today’s society, businesses heavily rely on information. Information technology architecture concentrates on three primary levels within an organization: the server, middleware, and client.

At PepsiAmericas, the Next Gen initiative convinced leaders that technology initiatives must add value. Technology created a unified platform for standardized procedures.

The first move made by Johnsen involved forming an IT governance board that included CEO Robert Pohland and COO Ken Keiser.

Pepsi Americas acknowledged the architectural and structural variances between itself and its subsidiaries.

Conversely, operational excellence refers to providing dependable products and services to clients at competitive rates, while customer intimacy involves targeting specific markets and tailoring offerings to fit niche demands.

Operational excellence aims to reduce operational costs in order to provide competitive pricing.

Employees at Pepsi Americas realized that driver turnover was no longer a priority and recognized that economic downturns required operational adjustments. Consequently, PepsiAmericas needed to reassess their operations as demand waned and find solutions to prevent resource wastage.

Response: a. $18,000

Clarification:

Cumulative Preferred Shares are types of shares whereby the company consistently pays Preferred dividends and if it cannot do so in any given year, the unpaid amount accumulates until they can pay it later.

In the question posed, the dividends owed to Preferred Shares are calculated as follows:

= 4% * 200,000

= $8,000

In the first year, $8,000 was allocated for dividends.

= 8,000 - 8,000

= 0

This implies that there are no preferred dividends owed from Year 1.

In Year 2, $18,000 was declared for dividends,

= 18,000 - 8,000

= $8,000

This indicates that in Year 2, the company managed to fulfill its Preferred dividends and still had funds available to distribute to Common Shareholders.

In Year 3, $24,000 was dedicated to dividends.

= 24,000 - 8,000

= $16,000

Therefore, in year 3, the company had enough funds to cover its Preferred Dividend commitments, meaning it paid out all of the $8,000 due to the Preferred Shareholders.