Answer:
Option (D) is the right choice.
Explanation:
According to the Modigliani-Miller proposition, the cost of equity will adjust in a way to accommodate its debt obligations.
Cost of equity:
= WACC for an all-equity firm + (WACC for an all-equity firm - Cost of debt ) × (Debt-to-equity ratio)
Initially, when no debt was present,[ [TAG_20]]
WACC = cost of equity = 10%
The levered cost of equity:
= 10% + ( 10% - 6%) × 0.2
= 10.8%
Thus, Taggart's levered cost of equity would be approximately 11%.
Opting for the lease is a more favorable choice. To illustrate, we examine the calculations for both options. First, we calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) for the Lease Option:
Year n Details CF ($) DF=1/(1.1)^n PV ($)
1 - Lease payment (30,000) 0.9091 (27,273)
2 - Lease payment (30,000) 0.8264 (24,793)
3 - Lease payment (30,000) 0.7513 (22,539)
4 - Lease payment (30,000) 0.6830 (20,490)
The NPV for the lease option equals (95,096).
For the Buy Option, we carry out the following calculations:
Year n Details CF ($) DF=1/(1.1)^n PV
0 Purchase cost (80,000) 1.0000 (80,000)
1 Maintenance costs (10,000) 0.9091 (9,091)
2 Maintenance costs (10,000) 0.8264 (8,264)
3 Maintenance costs (10,000) 0.7513 (7,513)
4 Maintenance costs (10,000) 0.6830 (6,830)
Residual value at end of year 4 20,000 0.6830 13,660
The NPV for the buy option results in (98,038).
To determine the equivalent annual annuity (EAA) for each option:
EAA = (r × NPV) / (1 - (1 + r)^-n)
where r is the discount rate per period and n shows the number of periods.
Calculating:
Lease option EAA = (0.1 × -95,096) / (1 - (1 + 0.1)^-4) = -30,000.
Buy option EAA = (0.1 × 98,038) / (1 - (1 + 0.1)^-4) = -30,928.
Since the lease option manifests a lower EAA of $30,000 compared to the buy option's $30,928, the lease is deemed the superior choice.
d. high negative affect. Negative affectivity refers to a widespread personality trait characterized by a consistent tendency to feel negative emotions. Individuals with high levels of negative affectivity are notably resistant to experiencing negative moods over time and regardless of circumstances. In Jane's situation, despite beginning her new role, she is overwhelmed by negative feelings tied to the campaign.
Answer:
The total expense of the product per unit, considering a marketing expenditure of $3,000, amounts to $7,025.
Explanation:
For this special order, fixed manufacturing support costs will not be considered since they are constant regardless of order acceptance, hence irrelevant. Be sure to account for marketing costs as additional expenses.
Calculation of the product cost:
Direct materials $1,825
Direct labor $900
Variable manufacturing support $1,300
Marketing costs are $3,000
Total $7,025
Conclusion:
Therefore, the total expense of the product per unit, with marketing charges of $3,000, is $7,025.