Answer:
The enthalpy of the second intermediate equation is altered by halving its value and changing the sign.
Explanation:
Let's examine both the first and second intermediate reactions alongside the overall equation concerning the examined process;
First reaction;
Ca (s) + CO₂ (g) + ½O₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) ΔH₁ = -812.8 kJ
Second reaction;
2Ca (s) + O₂ (g) → 2CaO (s) ΔH₂ = -1269 kJ
Thus, the overall reaction becomes;
CaO (s) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) ΔH =?
According to Hess's law, which states that the total heat change in a reaction is equal to the sum of the heat changes for each step, we cannot simply sum the enthalpies for this overall reaction. Instead, we obtain the overall enthalpy by halving the second intermediate reaction's enthalpy and changing its sign before adding, as illustrated below;
Enthalpy of Intermediate reaction 1 + ½(-Enthalpy of Intermediate reaction 2) = Enthalpy of Overall reaction
<span>Some solutions demonstrate colligative properties, which rely on the quantity of solute in a solvent. To find the elevation in boiling point, we use the formula:
</span><span>ΔT(boiling point) =
(Kb)mi
where Kb represents a constant, m is the solution's molality, and i is the van't Hoff factor.
From the provided information, we can easily determine i as follows:
</span>ΔT(boiling point) = (Kb)mi
103.45 - 100 = (0.512)3.90i
i = 1.73 <-------van't Hoff factor
Answer :
The percentage ionic character (%IC) equals 10%, indicating the bond is mostly covalent with slight polarity.
Percent Ionic Character:
This reflects the fraction of ionic nature within a polar covalent bond. The formula for %IC (% ionic character) is:
Here, Xa is the electronegativity of atom A and Xb is that of atom B.
Given: The compound is TiAl₃.
Electronegativity of Ti = 2.0
Electronegativity of Al = 1.6 (as shown in the provided image)
Substitute these values into the formula:
The value of e⁻¹ equals 0.90.
Therefore, percent ionic character = (1 - 0.90) × 100
Percent Ionic Character = 10%
Because the % IC is only 10%, which is relatively low, the bond is classified as covalent with minimal polarity.
Solution:
Molality measures the concentration of a solute in a solution, defined by the amount of solute per specific mass of solvent.
Thus,
Molality = moles of solute / kg of solvent.
Therefore, kg of solvent = moles of solute / molality.
moles of solute = mass / molar mass
= 25.31 g / 101.1 g/mole
= 0.2503 mole.
kg of solvent = 0.2503 mole / 0.1982 m
= 1.263 kg
= 1263 g.
This is the final answer.
