D. integrins. Explanation: The extracellular matrix comprises a complex framework of proteins and carbohydrates found in the areas outside cells. Collagen proteins, modified with carbohydrates, form collagen fibers that intertwine with proteoglycan complexes consisting of polysaccharides and proteins. This structure is vital for maintaining mechanical strength and structural support for tissues. Integrins, located within the cell membranes, are essential connections between fibers in the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells. They also enable cell communication by detecting both mechanical and chemical signals from the extracellular matrix and triggering intracellular signaling pathways.
In this case, the number of
chromosome pairs in the ant is 4. During gametogenesis, each chromosome pair will segregate into one gamete. Thus, the count of unpaired chromosomes = 4 unpaired chromosomes. The resulting gametes are now haploid, meaning they have no paired chromosomes. Now, each gamete will only carry one chromosome from each pair. Assuming the gene present in the cell chromosomes is heterozygote, there will be 2 outcomes. Consequently, their probability will yield 
outcomes. Therefore, for 4 chromosomes it would amount to 
chromosomes.
Answer:
The pathway likely taken is ER - Golgi - vesicles that merge with the plasma membrane.
Explanation:
The endomembrane system comprises a complex network of internal membranes. It was first identified in the late 19th century when Camillo Golgi observed that a specific stain selectively colored certain cellular membranes. Golgi believed these membranes were interconnected; however, subsequent developments in microscopy and biochemical analysis revealed that the organelles within the endomembrane system function as distinct compartments with specialized roles.
