Answer:2,1,3,5,4
Explanation:
Transgenes refer to genes that are artificially introduced into an organism.
Transgenic organisms are those that contain transgenes. These terms are utilized in genetic engineering. The process of gene cloning or the introduction of transgenes enables individual transformations, and this technique is employed to create Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
The following steps are involved:
1. Use restriction enzymes to excise the insulin gene. Additionally, cut the bacterial plasmid with the same restriction enzymes, which are considered endonucleases.
2. Ligase enzyme connects the insulin gene to the bacterial plasmid.
3. The bacterium proliferates, leading to the production of numerous bacterial cells that generate the insulin protein.
4. A bacterium absorbs the recombinant plasmid containing the insulin gene.
5. Human insulin is extracted from the transgenic bacteria.
It's important to note that for gene cloning to occur, there must be a gene to be introduced, a vector, a host cell for multiplication of that gene, a method to transform the organism, and a means to achieve a whole organism.
A mutation affecting the HBB gene may result in the production of haemoglobin S (HbS), leading to sickle cell disease, thus classifying this mutation as harmful. Conversely, individuals who carry one copy of the mutant allele exhibit resistance to malaria, which renders this mutation beneficial. A mutation found in the EYC3 gene is regarded as neutral since changes in eye color can have beneficial or harmful outcomes. A mutation in the CFTR gene is deemed harmful, as it generates a malformed CFTR protein, disrupting the balance of Cl and fluids and causing mucus to thicken in various organs, ultimately impairing function. Furthermore, a mutation in the LRP5 gene leads to high bone mass and may result in various bone density-related conditions, categorizing this mutation as harmful.
The leaves would be unable to release glucose.
Answer: 4. evidence 5. Fact
