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28 days ago

For each group of compounds listed, which is the strongest acid? I. HIO2, HIO3, HIO4 II. H2Se, H2S, H3As III. HPO2, HClO2, HBrO2

Chemistry

1 answer:

Anarel [2.6K]28 days ago

7 0

Answer:

In group I, the most potent acid is $HIO_4$ .

For group II, the strongest acid is $H_2Se$ .

In group III, the strongest acid identified is $HClO_2$ .

Explanation:

Group I:

The strength of an acid is influenced by the stability of the conjugate base formed after H+ ion loss.

From the acids provided, the following conjugate bases result upon H+ release:

$HIO_2 \rightarrow H^+ + IO_2^-\\HIO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + IO_3^-\\HIO_4 \rightarrow H^+ + IO_4^-$

In $IO_4^-$ , the negative charge is spread across three electronegative oxygen atoms, rendering it more stable compared to the other two conjugate bases.

Thus, $HIO_4$ becomes the strongest acid in this group.

Group II:

The H-Se bond is less robust than H-S bonds, making it more acidic since breaking the H-Se bond more easily releases H+.

For $H_3As$ , arsenic (As) has lower electronegativity than selenium (Se). Due to the higher electronegativity of Se, it attracts the electrons of the H-Se bond, facilitating the removal of H+.

Consequently, $H_2Se$ is the strongest acid in this grouping.

Group III:

Acidity is also impacted by the distance between bonds and the central atom's electronegativity.

In this scenario, electronegativity takes precedence over bond distance.

Among the elements listed, chlorine (Cl) exhibits the highest electronegativity. This significant electronegativity causes the electrons to be pulled toward Cl, making the release of H+ easier compared to the other two.

Therefore, $HClO_2$ is the strongest acid in this set.

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Answer:

0.605 molal

Explanation:

Molality indicates the solute amount in a specific solvent mass.

Let’s find the amount of benzene solute.

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Amount of benzene = mass/molar mass

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5 grams of NaHCO3 was added to 50 cm3 of 1.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, causing the temperature to decrease by 6.8 K. What is t

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The balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of HCl with $NaHCO_{3}$ is:

$HCl (aq) + NaHCO_{3}(aq)--> NaCl (aq) + H_{2}O(l)+CO_{2} (g)$

Given weight of $NaHCO_{3}$ = 5g

Moles of $NaHCO_{3}$ = $5 g *\frac{1 mol}{84 g} = 0.05952 mol NaHCO_{3}$

Volume of HCl solution = $50 cm^{3} * \frac{1 mL}{1cm^{3}} = 50 mL$

Assuming the density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL

Mass of HCl solution = 50 g

Overall mass of the solution = 50 g + 5 g = 55 g

To find the heat of neutralization, we calculate:

Q = m C ΔT

where m equals the mass of the solution = 55 g

C represents the specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.184 $\frac{J}{g. ^{0}C}$

ΔT signifies the temperature change = 6.8 K = (6.8 - 273) C = -266.2 $^{0}C$

$Q = 55 g * 4.184 \frac{J}{g. K}(6.8K) = 1565 J$

The enthalpy of neutralization per mole of $NaHCO_{3}$

= $\frac{1565J}{0.05952 mol} = 26294 \frac{J}{mol}*\frac{1 kJ}{1000J} =26.294kJ/mol$

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1 month ago

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A covalent chemical bond is one in which _____. a covalent chemical bond is one in which _____. outer-shell electrons of two ato

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Response:

A covalent bond is formed when the outer electrons of two atoms are shared, enabling them to adequately fill their orbitals.

Clarification:

Covalent bonds occur between atoms with an electronegativity difference below 1.7. In this bonding type, one atom's valence electrons create a molecular bond with the other atom's valence electrons, leading to mutual sharing of electrons.

Covalent bonds can be non-polar, as seen in hydrogen and carbon bonding.

Conversely, covalent bonds can also be polar, such as the bond between hydrogen and chlorine, where the chlorine atom is more electronegative and draws electrons towards itself, resulting in a lower electron density on the hydrogen atom.

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Answer:

The volume of calcium hydroxide solution utilized is 0.0235 mL.

Explanation:

$2KHP+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow 2H_2O+Ca(KP)_2$

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In accordance with the reaction, 2 moles of KHP react with 1 mole of calcium hydroxide, thus 0.0330 moles of KHP will react with;

$\frac{1}{2}\times 0.0330 mol=0.01650 mol$ of calcium hydroxide

The molarity of calcium hydroxide solution = 0.703 M

Volume of calcium hydroxide solution = V

$Molarity=\frac{Moles}{Volume(L)}$

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$V=\frac{0.01650 M}{0.703 M}=0.0235 mL$

The volume of the calcium hydroxide solution utilized is 0.0235 mL.

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