Answer:
The yield percentage of H_2CO_3 is 24.44%
Explanation:
The equation representing the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
The substances 
and 
combine in a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, we calculate the quantity of sodium bicarbonate and its molar mass to determine the moles formed.
.
.
We also recognize that the stoichiometric proportions are 1:1:1:1:1, which leads to the conclusion that the moles of 
equal 24.977 moles.
Next, we apply the ideal gas equation 
, where P denotes pressure, V refers to volume, R is the gas constant, and T represents the temperature in kelvins. We rearrange to solve for V
The final answer should be expressed in liters, 
, hence
Answer:
Explanation:
Given data:
Initial temperature T₁ = 25.2°C = 298.2K
Initial pressure P₁ = 0.6atm
Final temperature = 72.4°C = 345.4K
What we need to find:
Final pressure = ?
To determine this, we apply a modified version of the combined gas law with constant volume. This simplifies our calculations to:
Here, P and T signify pressure and temperatures, 1 refers to initial and 2 to final temperatures.
Now we can substitute the known variables:
P₂ = 0.7atm
The stronger the attraction between elements, the shorter the bond length becomes; conversely, a weaker attraction results in a longer bond length. This attraction arises from differences in their electronegativities, which is the capacity of an element to draw electrons toward itself. According to periodic trends, electronegativity rises as you move left to right and bottom to top on the periodic table. Therefore, the order from the most electronegative to the least is: Cl > Br > I. As a result, the sequence by bond length from shortest to longest is: C-Cl > C-Br > C-I.
N₀ signifies the quantity of C-14 atoms per kg of carbon in the original sample at time = 0 seconds, when the carbon composition matched that in today’s atmosphere. As time progresses to ts, the number of C-14 atoms per kg declines to N, due to radioactive decay. λ indicates the decay constant.
Hence, we have N = N₀e - λt, which is the equation for radioactive decay. Rearranging gives us N₀/N = e λt, or In(N₀/N) = - λt, which becomes equation 1.
The sample contains mc kg of carbon, leading to an activity measured as A/mc decay per kg. The variable r represents the initial mass of C-14 in the sample at t=0 relative to the total mass of carbon which is calculated as [(total number of C-14 atoms at t = 0) × ma] / total mass of carbon. Thus, N₀ equates to r/ma, which becomes equation 2.
The activity of the radioactive element is directly related to the atom count at the moment. The activity equation A = dN/dt = λ(N) indicates that: A = λ₁(N × mc). Rearranging provides N = A / (λmc), represented in equation 3.
By integrating equations 2 and 3, we can solve for t yielding
t = (1/λ) In(rλmc/m₀A).
