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Shtirlitz
14 days ago
14

A 5.00-A current runs through a 12-gauge copper wire (diameter 2.05 mm) and through a light bulb. Copper has 8.5 * 1028 free ele

ctrons per cubic meter. (a) How many electrons pass through the light bulb each second? (b) What is the current density in the wire? (c) At what speed does a typical electron pass by any given point in the wire? (d) If you were to use wire of twice the diameter, which of the above answers would change? Would they increase or decrease?
Physics
2 answers:
Maru [1K]14 days ago
5 0

Answer:

a)n= 3.125 x 10^{19 electrones.

b)J= 1.515 x 10^{6 A/m²

c)V_{d =1.114 x 10^{4m/s

d) ver explicación

Explanation:

La corriente 'I' = 5A =>5C/s

diámetro 'd'= 2.05 x 10^{-3 m

radio 'r' = d/2 => 1.025 x 10^{-3 m

número de electrones 'n'= 8.5 x 10^{28}

a) La cantidad de electrones que pasan por la bombilla cada segundo se determina mediante:

I= Q/t

Q= I x t => 5 x 1

Q= 5C

Como sabemos que: Q= ne

donde e es la carga del electrón, es decir, 1.6 x 10^{-19C

n= Q/e => 5/ 1.6 x 10^{-19

n= 3.125 x 10^{19 electrones.

b) La densidad de corriente 'J' en el cable se calcula como

J= I/A => I/πr²

J= 5 / (3.14 x (1.025x 10^{-3)²)

J= 1.515 x 10^{6 A/m²

c) La velocidad típica 'V_{d' de un electrón se expresa como:

V_{d = \frac{J}{n|q|}

    =1.515 x 10^{6 / 8.5 x 10^{28} x |-1.6 x 10^{-19|

V_{d =1.114 x 10^{4m/s

d) De acuerdo con estas ecuaciones,

J= I/A

V_{d = \frac{J}{n|q|} =\frac{I}{nA|q|}

Si utilizaras un cable de doble diámetro, ¿cuáles de las respuestas anteriores cambiarían? ¿Aumentarían o disminuirían?

kicyunya [1K]14 days ago
4 0

Answer:

a) 3.1205*10^19 electrons per second

b) 1.51*10^6 A/m^2

c) 1.11*10^-4 m/s

Explanation:

a) The number of electrons can be determined from the current flowing through the wire using this equation:

I=5.00A=5.00\frac{C}{s}\\\\1C=6.241*10^{18}e\\\\I=5.00(6.241*10^{18}e)/s=3.1205*10^{19}\frac{e}{s}

3.1205*10^19 electrons every second

b) The formula used to calculate the current density is as follows:

J=\frac{I}{A}

I: electric current within the wire

A: wire's cross-sectional area

J=\frac{I}{\pi r^2}=\frac{5.00A}{\pi(\frac{2.05}{2}*10^{-3})^2}=1.51*10^6\frac{A}{m^2}

c) The drift speed of the electrons can be calculated using the relevant formula:

I=nqv_dA\\\\v_d=\frac{I}{nqA}

n: density of free electrons

q: elementary charge of the electron = 1.6*10^{-19}C

v_d=\frac{5.00C/s}{(8.5*10^{28}m^{-3})(1.6*10^{-19}C)(3.30*10^{-6}m^2)}=1.11*10^{-4}\frac{m}{s}

d) Increasing the dia of the wire does not affect the amount of electrons that flow through the light bulb each second.

The current density will be lower since J=I/A. When A increases, J decreases.

The velocity at which electrons drift decreases as well, due to the presence of Area in the denominator of the drift speed formula.

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