The enthalpy of hydration for copper sulfate is -1486.62 kJ/mol, indicating that 1486.62 kJ of energy is absorbed by a mole of copper sulfate during its hydration. Step 1: Calculate the energy released per mole of dissolved substance (Eq. 1). If 0.102 moles release 55.51 kJ, then 1 mole corresponds to 541.85 kJ/mol. Therefore, ΔH = -541.85 kJ/mol. Step 2: Identify the energy absorbed by dissolved substance (Eq. 2). When 0.101 moles absorb 95.31 kJ, 1 mole will absorb 944.77 kJ/mol, thus ΔH = 944.77 kJ/mol. Step 3: Subtract Eq. 2 from Eq. 1. Thus, ΔH = -541.85 kJ/mol (Eq. 1) and ΔH = 944.77 kJ/mol (Eq. 2), leading to ΔH = -541.85 - 944.77, so ΔH = -1486.62 kJ/mol.
Refer to the image for the answer. An aldehyde is a carbon chain that features a carbonyl group at its end, which is why it is termed aldehyde; if the carbonyl group is elsewhere on the chain, it’s referred to as a ketone. In this case, we have a 5-carbon aldehyde and the first carbon comprises the C=O group, the remaining four making up the chain. However, we must introduce a branched chain into the molecular formula. This means the longest chain cannot maintain a length of 5 carbons; instead, the maximum would be 4 carbons, making the additional carbon the branched unit. We can have two possibilities for the branched chain aldehyde with 5 carbons: one methyl group positioned at 2 and another at 3. Another potential aldehyde with branching cannot exceed 4 carbons as the longest; it must have a 3-carbon chain with 2 carbon radicals (methyl in this context). Thus, the three aldehydes with the specified formula and at least one branch can be represented, alongside their respective names in the attached image.
