The equal mass indicates that both atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons.
A positive charge signifies a difference in electron count.
Assuming the atomic number is A,
the mass number equals M.
In a neutral atom, there are A electrons.
A negatively charged atom would have A + 1 electrons [while the count of protons and mass number remains unchanged].
A positively charged atom contains A - 1 electrons [with consistent protons and mass number].
For instance: Cl- and Cl+.
Answer:
C. connecting an active metal to designate the pipe as the cathode in an electrochemical cell.
Explanation:
Cathodic protection involves a method to manage the accelerated corrosion of a metal surface by designating it as the cathode within an electrochemical cell. This is accomplished by attaching the protected metal to a more sacrificial metal, which acts as the anode.
This method helps to preserve the metal by introducing a highly reactive metal that serves as the anode, supplying free electrons. By adding these free electrons, the active metal gives up its ions, protecting the less reactive steel from corrosion.
Response:
a. To purify a gypsum sample, you will need the following equipment: Bunsen burner, beaker, filter funnel, stirring rod, and filter paper.
b. Gypsum, a sulfate mineral consisting of calcium sulfate dihydrate, can be purified by following these steps:
1. Add water to the gypsum in a beaker.
2. Stir the mixture thoroughly with the stirring rod.
3. Use the filter paper and filter funnel to remove excess solids from the mixture.
4. Heat the filtered mixture on the Bunsen burner to evaporate the remaining water.
5. After cooling, filter again through the filter paper to obtain pure gypsum.
Answer:
The categorization of strong, weak, and non-electrolytes is detailed below, based on the examples presented in the question.
Explanation:
A strong electrolyte fully dissociates or nearly so in an aqueous environment; typically, strong acids, bases, and salts fall under this category. Examples of strong electrolytes include:
- Hydrochloric acid, HCl
- Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
- Potassium chloride, KCl
A weak electrolytepartially ionizes in solution; weak acids and bases are primary instances. Examples consist of:
- Methylamine, CH3NH2
- Hydrofluoric acid, HF
A non-electrolytedoes not dissociate in an aqueous medium. Examples of non-electrolytes are:
- Sucrose, C12H22O11
- Methanol, CH3OH
<span>Some solutions demonstrate colligative properties, which rely on the quantity of solute in a solvent. To find the elevation in boiling point, we use the formula:
</span><span>ΔT(boiling point) =
(Kb)mi
where Kb represents a constant, m is the solution's molality, and i is the van't Hoff factor.
From the provided information, we can easily determine i as follows:
</span>ΔT(boiling point) = (Kb)mi
103.45 - 100 = (0.512)3.90i
i = 1.73 <-------van't Hoff factor
