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storchak
12 days ago
11

Select the statement(s) that explain(s) the relationship between the arrangement of elements by size and first ionization energy

.a. The two arrangements are the same because IE of elements increases from left to right and the radii of elements decreases from left to right.b. The first set of paired electrons in a p subshell experience a large amount of electron-electron repulsion, making the fourth electron in a p subshell easy to remove.c. A full s subshell is able to shield a newly filled p subshell from the nucleus, making the first electron in a p subshell easy to remove.d. The third unpaired electron in a p subshell causes a lot of electron-electron repulsion among the orbitals, making the third electron in a p subshell easy to remove.e. A p subshell with only one unpaired electron is extremely stable, making the fifth electron in a p subshell easy to remove.
Chemistry
2 answers:
VMariaS [1K]12 days ago
8 0

c. A complete s subshell can shield a newly occupied p subshell from the nucleus, simplifying the removal of the first electron in a p subshell.

Explanation:

The statement about a complete s-sublevel being able to block a recently filled p-subshell from the nucleus, thereby facilitating the removal of the first electron in a p-subshell, is accurate.

What does ionization energy entail?

Ionization energy quantifies how readily an atom can release an electron.

The first ionization energy represents the energy necessary to extract the least tightly held electron in gas form.

The atomic size or element size corresponds to the quantity of electrons present. More electrons translate to a greater size.

  • As an atom grows larger, less ionization energy is needed to free the outermost electron.

Electron-electron repulsion arises when two electrons in the same sub-level repel each other.

The shielding effect refers to the capability of inner electrons to protect outer electrons from the nucleus's attraction.

In option C, an s-subshell provides a more significant shielding effect than p, d, and f subshells as listed.

A new electron in the p-sublevel will be less tightly held and more easily removed.

Learn More:

First ionization energy

lions [985]12 days ago
5 0

c. A filled s subshell is capable of shielding a recently occupied p subshell from the nucleus, making the primary electron in that p subshell easy to detach.

Further explanation

Among the provided choices, the assertion that a complete s-sublevel can effectively shield a newly filled p-subshell from the nuclear core, facilitating the detachment of the first electron in a p-subshell, is true.

What does ionization energy represent?

Ionization energy serves as an indicator of how readily an atom loses an electron. The initial ionization energy is the energy required to remove the least tightly bound electron in the vapor phase. The dimension of an atom or element correlates with the number of electrons present. An increase in electron count results in a larger size. The larger an atom becomes, the less ionization energy is necessary to remove the initial electron from its outermost shell. Repulsion among electrons arises when two electrons in the same sub-level repel each other. The shielding effect illustrates the ability of inner electrons to safeguard the outer electrons from the nucleus's pull.

In option C, an s-subshell displays superior shielding capacity than p, d, and f subshells in that sequence. An electron introduced into the p-sublevel will be loosely held and easier to remove.

Learn More

Ionization energy

Electron-electron

Details

Class: College

Subject: Chemistry

Keywords: ionization, energy, electron

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The fuel used in many disposable lighters is liquid butane, C4H10. Butane has a molecular weight of 58.1 grams in one mole. How
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First convert grams of C4H10 to moles using its molar mass of 58.1 g/mol: 3.50 g C4H10 × (1 mol C4H10 / 58.1 g C4H10) = 0.06024 mol C4H10 Next convert moles to molecules using Avogadro’s number: 0.06024 mol C4H10 × (6.022×10^23 molecules C4H10 / 1 mol C4H10) = 3.627×10^22 molecules C4H10 Each butane molecule contains 4 carbon atoms, so: 3.627×10^22 molecules C4H10 × (4 atoms C / 1 molecule C4H10) = 1.45×10^23 carbon atoms present.
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16 days ago
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The speed of light in a vacuum is 2.998 × 10 8 8 m/s. How long does it take for light to circumnavigate the Earth, which has a c
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Answer:- 0.134 seconds

Solution:- The speed is given as 2.988*10^8\frac{m}{s} and the circumference is 24900 miles which is same as the distance light have to covered. It asks to calculate the time required to cover this distance by the light.

Unit conversion is needed from miles to meters since the speed is given in meters per second.

1 mile = 1609.34 meters

Thus, 24900mile(\frac{1609.34meter}{mile})

= 40072566 meters

Now, speed=\frac{distance}{time}

Rearranged for time, that gives: time=\frac{distance}{speed}

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time=\frac{40072566meter}{2.988*10^8\frac{meter}{second}}

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4 days ago
A student is given a sample of a blue copper sulfate hydrate. He weighs the sample in a dry covered porcelain crucible and got a
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Answer:

There are 5.5668 moles of water for every mole of CuSO₄.

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Given that the molar mass of CuSO₄ is 159.609g/mol, we calculate the moles:

0.751g ×\frac{1mol}{159,609g} = 4.7052x10⁻³ moles CuSO₄

The mass of water in the initial sample is:

23.875g - 0.751g - 22.652g = 0.472g.

mass of crucible + lid + CuSO₄ hydrate - CuSO₄ - mass of crucible + lid

As the molar mass of H₂O is 18.02g/mol, we find the moles:

0.472g ×\frac{1mol}{18,02g} = 2.6193x10⁻² moles H₂O

The mole ratio of H₂O to CuSO₄ is:

2.6193x10⁻² moles H₂O / 4.7052x10⁻³ moles CuSO₄ = 5.5668

This indicates there are 5.5668 moles of water per mole of CuSO₄.

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8 days ago
Marianne designs an experiment involving electrically charged objects. She wants to know which objects will be attracted to a ne
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Answer:

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In a similar way, rubbing a balloon against your hair generates opposite static charges on both your hair and the balloon. As you gently pull the balloon away from your head, the attraction between these opposite charges can be observed, causing your hair to rise.

Materials

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• Woolen item (like a sweater, scarf, or yarn ball)

• Stopwatch

• Wall

• Partner (optional)

Preparation

• Inflate the balloon and secure the end.

• Have your partner ready to time with the stopwatch.

Procedure

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• Rub the balloon on the wool item once, making sure to go in one direction only.

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• Briefly touch the balloon to a metal object. Why is this step necessary?

• Repeat this procedure, but each time increase the number of rubs against the woolly item, ensuring the direction remains the same (do not rub back and forth).

Observations and results

As you increase the number of times you rub the balloon on the woolly material, does the duration of its adhesion to the wall increase?

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HOPE IT HELPS

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4 days ago
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