Refer to the diagram below.
This discussion operates under a basic analysis that overlooks air resistance and variations in the terrain the missile traverses.
Let V₀ be the launch velocity, at an angle θ to the horizontal.
The horizontal velocity component equals V₀ cosθ.
If the flight duration is

, then

where r represents the missile's range.
The time t at which the missile is at ground level is expressed by

where g signifies acceleration due to gravity.
t = 0 signifies the missile's launch. Thus

Consequently,

Typically, an angle of θ=45° is optimal for achieving maximum range, resulting in

This discussion applies more accurately to a scud missile than to a powered, guided missile.
Response:

Usually, θ=45°
Thrust is quantified as a reaction force, in accordance with Newton's third law. When a system accelerates or expels mass in one direction, this resulting mass generates a force of equal strength but in the opposite direction on that system. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as:

Where:
v = velocity of the exhaust gases as perceived from the rocket.
= Change in mass over time
The provided data is as follows:


After substitution, we obtain:


a) x_{cm} = m₂/ (m₁ + m₂) d, b) x_{cm} = 52.97 pm
The static frictional force exceeds the kinetic frictional force, indicating that the static frictional force is over 1200 N. Explanation: The frictional force opposes the motion of any object on a surface, caused by interactions between the surface molecules and the object. It is known that static friction is typically stronger than kinetic friction (this is the reason initiating motion requires more force than keeping it moving along a surface). Hence, option 3 correctly describes the situation.
Response:
A=0.199
Clarification:
We know that
Mass of spring=m=450 g=
Where 1 kg=1000 g
Frequency of oscillation=

Energy for oscillation is 0.51 J
To determine the amplitude of oscillations.
Energy for oscillator=
Where
=Angular frequency
A=Amplitude

Using the formula



Therefore, the amplitude of oscillation=A=0.199