A very small 100-g object is attached to one end of a massless 10-cm rod that is pivoted without friction about the opposite end

<span>an atom is described as having a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus, which is the correct choice.</span><span>

The nucleus contains electrically neutral neutrons and positively charged protons, establishing its positive charge. In contrast, electrons carry a negative charge. The electromagnetic force keeps the atoms bound to the nucleus.
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Objects in vertical motion are an illustration of non-uniform motion. At the peak of the circle, centripetal force is balanced by the object's weight. Therefore, the minimum speed required at this top point is given by v = = = 5.23 m/s. As the sphere descends from the top to the bottom of the circle, according to the law of conservation of energy, potential energy can be expressed as

, where h signifies the diameter of the circle (2r). Hence, the expression will be written as

where u is the velocity at the lowest point. Consequently, the modified equation is

=

=

= 11.71 m/s. The collision of the dart with the bullet is an inelastic one. According to the conservation of momentum: v =

=

=

= 58.55 m/s. Thus, the dart's minimum initial speed for the combined system to complete a circular loop post-collision is 58.55 m/s.