Answer: Reaction 2 is a spontaneous one.
Explanation:
According to our understanding:
= +ve, meaning the reaction is non-spontaneous
= -ve, indicating the reaction is spontaneous
= 0, stating that the reaction is at equilibrium
For a reaction to be classified as spontaneous, the Gibbs free energy must yield a negative value.
Reaction 1:
Glucose + Pi ⟶ glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O, ΔG = +13.8 kJ/mol
Reaction 2:
ATP + H₂O ⟶ ADP + Pi, ΔG = -30.5 kJ/mol
From this, we can conclude that ΔG being negative indicates that reaction 2 is indeed spontaneous.
We assume that the stated 50% is measured by volume. Molarity defines the concentration in terms of moles of solute per volume of solution.
To find the moles of NaOH, use: (0.1 moles / L)(0.4 L)
n = 0.04 moles of NaOH
Assuming we start with 1 mL of 50% NaOH solution,
(1 mL solution)(1.525 g/mL)(0.50) = 0.7625 g
Then, the number of moles calculates as follows,[
0.7625 g NaOH x (1 mol / 40 g) = 0.01906 moles of NaOH
The volume of solution required can be determined by:(0.04 moles of NaOH)(1 mL solution / 0.01906 moles of NaOH)
Thus, the needed volume comes out to be 2.09 mL
Answer: 2.09 mL
