Answer:
(a) P(B) = 0.008, (b) P(A∩B) = 0, (c) Yes, events A and B are mutually exclusive, (d) P(A∪B)=0.948, (e) 0.948, (f) 0.06
Step-by-step explanation:
We are considering three scenarios:
A: filling to specs
B: underfilling
C: overfilling
In probability theory, the total of mutually exclusive events needs to equal 1, therefore, we have:
(a) P(B) = 1 - P(A) - P(C) = 1 - 0.940 - 0.052 = 0.008
(b) P(A∩B) = the probability of filling to specification while simultaneously underfilling = 0, since both cannot occur together
(c) Yes, A and B are indeed mutually exclusive events, as it's impossible for a machine to fill to specs and underfill concurrently
(d) For mutually exclusive events, we find:
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) = 0.940 + 0.008 = 0.948
(e) The probability that the machine does not overfill aligns with the probabilities of filling to specs and underfilling, i.e., P(A) + P(B) = 0.948, because not overfilling indicates either meeting specs or underfilling.
(f) The probability of either underfilling or overfilling is:
P(C∪B) = P(C) + P(B) = 0.052 + 0.008 = 0.06 since C and B are mutually exclusive.