All MOS devices are subject to damage from:________

Answer:

Time constant = 15.34 seconds

The thermometer indicates an error margin of 0.838°

Explanation:

Given

t = 1 minute = 60 seconds

c(t) = 98% = 0.98

According to the details provided, the thermometer functions as a first-order system.

The transfer function of such a system is expressed as;

C(s)/R(s) = 1/(sT + 1).

To determine the time constant, the step response must be evaluated.

This is defined as

r(t) = u(t) --- Applying Laplace Transformation

R(s) = 1/s

Replacing 1/s back into C(s)/R(s) = 1/(sT + 1).

What we have

C(s)/1/s = 1/(sT + 1)

C(s) = 1/(sT + 1) * 1/s

C(s) = 1/s - 1/(s + 1/T) --- Taking Inverse Laplace Transformation

L^-1(C(s)) = L^-1(1/s - 1/(s + 1/T))

Given that e^-t <–> 1/(s + 1) --- {L}

1 <–> 1/s {L}

Thus, the unit response c(t) = 1 - e^-(t/T)

Substituting 0.98 for c(t) and 60 for t

0.98 = 1 - e^-(60/T)

0.98 - 1 = - e^-(60/T)

-0.02 = - e^-(60/T)

e^-(60/T) = 0.02

ln(e^-(60/T)) = ln(0.02)

-60/T = -3.912

T = -60/-3.912

T = 15.34 seconds

It follows that the time constant = 15.34 seconds

The error signal is characterized by

E(s) = R(s) - C(s)

Where the temperature shifts at 10°/min; which equals 10°/60 s = 1/6

Thus,

E(s) = R(s) - 1/6 C(s)

Calculating C(s)

C(s) = 1/s - 1/(s + 1/T)

C(s) = 1/s - 1/(s + 1/15.34)

Note that R(s) = 1/s

Thus, E(s) turns into

E(s) = 1/s - 1/6(1/s - 1/(s + 1/15.34))

E(s) = 1/s - 1/6(1/s - 1/(s + 0.0652)

E(s) = 1/s - 1/6s + 1/(6(s+0.0652))

E(s) = 5/6s + 1/(6(s+0.0652))

E(s) = 0.833/s + 1/(6(s+0.0652)) ---- Taking Inverse Laplace Transformation

e(t) = 1/6e^-0.652t + 0.833

In a first-order system, a steady state condition is reached when the time is four times the time constant.

Thus,

Time = 4 * 15.34

Time = 61.36 seconds

Consequently, e(t) becomes

e(t) = 1/6e^-0.652t + 0.833

e(t) = 1/(6e^-0.652(61.36)) + 0.833

e(t) = 0.83821342824942664566211

e(t) = 0.838 --- Rounded off

Thus, the thermometer reveals an error of 0.838°

Answer:

total expense for the new boiler = $229706.825

total expense for new boiler = $127512

Explanation:

provided information

initial power p1 = 80 kW

price C = $160000

cost index CI 1 = 187

cost index CI 2= 194

capacity factor f = 0.6

subsequent power p2 = 120 kW

present cost = $18000

to determine

total expense and cost for 40 kW

solution

we evaluate CN cost for the new boiler and CO cost for the existing boiler

where x represents the capacity of the new boiler

first we compute the current cost of the old boiler which is

current cost CO = C × .............1

substituting the value here

current cost = 160000 ×

updated current cost = $165989.304

and

employing power sizing strategy for 124 kW

CN/CO = ...............2

insert value and calculate CN

CN/CO =  

CN / 165989.304 =  

CN = 211706.825

therefore the new expense = $211706.825

hence

total expense for the new boiler amounts to

total expense = new expense + current cost

total exp = 211706.825 + 18000

boiler expense total = $229706.825

and

concerning a 40 kW unit, the calculated new cost will be

applying equation 2

CN/CO =

CN / 165989.304 =  

CN = 109512

thus the new cost is $109512

therefore

total expense for the new boiler is

total exp = new cost + current cost

total expense = 109512 + 18000

total cost for the new boiler = $127512

Answer:

Provided information

 an electronic system dissipating = 90 W

diameter = 15 cm

The duct has components cooled by forced air entering at 32°C with a flow rate of 0.65 m3 /min

85% of the generated heat is transferred to the air in the duct, and 15% is lost through the duct's outer surfaces.

See the attached images for the solution.

Explanation:

Consult the attached pictures for a thorough breakdown of the explanation.

Answer:

Below is the code provided in Python.

# Code Block 1

count = 0  # variable for counting

total = 0  # variable for total

enter = '' # variable for input

while enter!= 'stop':

   enter = input('Enter a grade:' )

   if enter!= 'stop' and enter.isdigit():

       total += int(enter) # adding to the total amount

       count += 1   # then adding to the count

print float(total) / count

# Code Block 2

numbers = []

while enter!= 'stop':

   enter = input('Enter a grade:' )

   if enter!= 'stop':

       numbers.append(int(enter))

print sum(numbers) / float(len(numbers))