It is stated that, in a typical pulsed-field machine, the magnetic field rises from 0 T to 2.5 T within 200 μs. The change in the magnetic field and time interval are relevant here. The diameter is 2.3 cm, translating to a radius of 0.0115 m. As the magnetic field changes, an induced emf occurs within the ring, determined by: E = 5.19 volts. Thus, the induced emf in the ring equates to 5.19 volts, which is the sought solution.
The electric flux through the cylindrical surface surrounding the infinite charged wire is given by the formula ∅E = E x 2πrl. To analyze this, we consider an infinitely long straight wire with a uniform linear charge density of λ Cm⁻¹. The electric field at a distance r from this charge can be evaluated using a cylindrical Gaussian surface of radius r and length l, oriented along the wire. Only the curved surface of the cylinder contributes to the total flux since the other surfaces are perpendicular to E.
