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Law Incorporation
1 month ago
7

A ""doomsday"" asteroid with a mass of 1.0 * 1010 kg is hurtling through space. Unless the asteroid’s speed is changed by about

0.20 cm????s, it will collide with Earth and cause tremendous damage. Researchers suggest that a small ""space tug"" sent to the asteroid’s surface could exert a gentle constant force of 2.5 N. For how long must this force act?
Physics
1 answer:
kicyunya [3.2K]1 month ago
6 0

Response:

Δt = 8 x 10^6secs, which translates to Δt in days = 92.6 days

1 day = 86400secs

Clarification:

  • This scenario involves the principle of momentum.
  • momentum is derived from the multiplication of mass and the change in velocity
  • in mathematical terms, p = mΔv
  • where p represents momentum, m stands for mass, and Δv indicates the change in velocity
  • acceleration can be expressed as a = Δv/Δt
  • with Δv being equal to aΔt

the impulse equals the force multiplied by the time interval;

expressed as I = FΔt

  • hence, Impulse is equivalent to the change in momentum
  • I = Δp
  • therefore, mΔv = I = FΔt
  • Thus, Δt = mΔv/F
  • given that m = 1.0 x 10^10 kg, Δv = 0.20cm/s, or 0.002m/s, F = 2.5N

  • Substituting these values in gives: Δt = mΔv/F = 1.0 x 10^10 kg x 0.002m/s x 2.5N
  • resulting in Δt = 8 x 10^6secs, which converts to Δt in days = 92.6 days
  • Note: 1 day = 86400secs

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2 months ago
A merry-go-round with a a radius of R = 1.63 m and moment of inertia I = 196 kg-m2 is spinning with an initial angular speed of
serg [3582]

Answer:

1) L = 299.88 kg-m²/s

2) L = 613.2 kg-m²/s

3) L = 499.758 kg-m²/s

4) ω₁ = 0.769 rad/s

5) Fc = 70.3686 N

6) v = 1.2535 m/s

7) ω₀ = 1.53 rad/s

Explanation:

Given

R = 1.63 m

I₀ = 196 kg-m²

ω₀ = 1.53 rad/s

m = 73 kg

v = 4.2 m/s

1) What is the magnitude of the initial angular momentum of the merry-go-round?

We utilize the formula

L = I₀*ω₀ = 196 kg-m²*1.53 rad/s = 299.88 kg-m²/s

2) What is the angular momentum magnitude of the person 2 meters prior to jumping onto the merry-go-round?

The equation we apply is

L = m*v*Rp = 73 kg*4.2 m/s*2.00 m = 613.2 kg-m²/s

3) What is the angular momentum of the person just before she hops onto the merry-go-round?

We utilize the formula

L = m*v*R = 73 kg*4.2 m/s*1.63 m = 499.758 kg-m²/s

4) What is the angular velocity of the merry-go-round after the individual jumps on?

We can apply the Principle of Conservation of Angular Momentum

L in = L fin

⇒ I₀*ω₀ = I₁*ω₁

where

I₁ = I₀ + m*R²

⇒  I₀*ω₀ = (I₀ + m*R²)*ω₁

At this point, we can determine ω₁

⇒  ω₁ = I₀*ω₀ / (I₀ + m*R²)

⇒  ω₁ = 196 kg-m²*1.53 rad/s / (196 kg-m² + 73 kg*(1.63 m)²)

⇒  ω₁ = 0.769 rad/s

5) Once the merry-go-round moves at this new angular speed, what force must the person exert to hold on?

We must calculate the centripetal force as follows

Fc = m*ω²*R  

⇒  Fc = 73 kg*(0.769 rad/s)²*1.63 m = 70.3686 N

6) When the person is halfway around, they choose to simply release their hold on the merry-go-round to exit the ride.

What is the linear speed of the person the moment they exit the merry-go-round?

we can apply the equation

v = ω₁*R = 0.769 rad/s*1.63 m = 1.2535 m/s

7) What is the angular velocity of the merry-go-round after the individual releases their hold?

ω₀ = 1.53 rad/s

It returns to its original angular speed

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