Answer:
Explanation:
We define the linear charge density as:

Where L is the length of the rod, in this scenario the semicircle's length is L = πr
The potential at the center created by a differential element of charge is:

where k denotes Coulomb's constant
r signifies the distance from dq to the center of the circle
Thus.

The potential at the semicircle's center
Answer:
The convergence of light rays redirects them toward the focal point, resulting in a magnifying effect.
Explanation:
Response:
D: The distance among the particles diminishes
Clarification:
Removing energy reduces the activity of molecules, similar to how one slows down in cold temperatures (I believe).