Response:
varn=n1+1ehvkT–1
Explanation:
This formula comes from Einstein's theory.
Explanation:
The term 'collision' refers to the interaction between two objects. There are two distinct types of collisions: elastic and inelastic.
In this scenario, two identical carts are heading towards each other at the same speed, resulting in a collision. In an inelastic collision, the momentum is conserved before and after the incident, but kinetic energy is lost.
After the event, both objects combine and move together at a single velocity.
The graph representing a perfectly inelastic collision is attached, illustrating that both carts move together at the same speed afterward.
The sheet's charge density calculates to be 1.384×10⁻⁷C/m².
Charge density is the ratio of charge per unit area.
The square sheet has dimensions l=17 cm.
To compute the area A of the sheet.

The overall charge Q on the sheet is

The charge density σ is defined as

We substitute 4×10⁻⁹C for Q and 0.0289 m² for A.

Thus, the charge density for the sheet is 1.384×10⁻⁷C/m².
Response:
a. the lowest layer
Clarification:
This layer has the least refractive index, thus being the most rarefied.