False, it's solely heterogeneous. Explanation: The degradation of the ozone layer caused by CFC molecules happens in the gaseous state since it does not involve liquids or solids at stratospheric conditions. Additionally, the reaction occurs independently as ozone is chemically unstable, eliminating the need for a catalyst.
Answer:
The categorization of strong, weak, and non-electrolytes is detailed below, based on the examples presented in the question.
Explanation:
A strong electrolyte fully dissociates or nearly so in an aqueous environment; typically, strong acids, bases, and salts fall under this category. Examples of strong electrolytes include:
- Hydrochloric acid, HCl
- Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
- Potassium chloride, KCl
A weak electrolytepartially ionizes in solution; weak acids and bases are primary instances. Examples consist of:
- Methylamine, CH3NH2
- Hydrofluoric acid, HF
A non-electrolytedoes not dissociate in an aqueous medium. Examples of non-electrolytes are:
- Sucrose, C12H22O11
- Methanol, CH3OH
The answer is - 0.138 M. The buffer pH can be determined using the Henderson equation. Here,

acts as a weak acid and

serves as its corresponding conjugate base. The weak acid has two protons, while the base contains one. The equation can therefore be expressed in terms of protons transferred. Phosphoric acid can donate protons in three stages; the equation we’ve referenced pertains to the second stage, as the acid then has only two protons available and the base only one. Given the concentration of the acid as 0.10 M, we need to calculate the concentration of the base necessary to form a buffer with a pH of exactly 7.0. Substituting the values into the equation leads us to the solution. Cross-multiplying, we find that [base] = 1.38(0.10), yielding [base] = 0.138. Therefore, the concentration of the base needed for the buffer is 0.138 M.
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The result is:
The new volume is: 
Rationale:
Because the temperature remains constant, we can apply Boyle's Law to solve this issue.
Boyle's Law stipulates that:

Where,
P is the gas's pressure.
V is the gas's volume.
According to the information provided:

Let's put the values into the equation:


Consequently, the new volume is: 
Wishing you a lovely day!
The atomic number of the element indicated by the model is 8, corresponding to option 'C' in the question.